ABSTRACT
The pursuit of the most efficient materials for battery manufacturing is a crucial element of contemporary technical progress. With the increasing global need for energy storage solutions, especially for electric vehicles, it is essential to identify and use appropriate raw materials. Recent research has brought attention to various elements, including lithium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, and graphite, as the fundamental components utilized in the production of lithiumion batteries. The selection of these materials is based on their distinct qualities that enhance the efficiency, durability, and overall performance of batteries. Due to its notable electrochemical potential and energy density, lithium emerges as a very suitable contender for the anode material. Despite the ethical and sourcing difficulties associated with cobalt, it is highly regarded for its ability to enhance battery performance and prolong its lifespan. In contrast, nickel is highly praised for its ability to augment the energy capacity of the cathode. Manganese provides a favorable combination of cost-efficiency and electrochemical durability, although graphite is still the favored option for anode design because of its exceptional conductivity and layered structure that enables the intercalation of lithium-ions. The current study not only examines the effectiveness of these materials, but also investigates their accessibility, financial implications, ecological consequences, and the geopolitical ramifications associated with their procurement. Advancements in battery technology persistently strive to explore alternatives that have the potential to decrease dependence on limited or morally controversial resources. For instance, silicon-based anodes are being examined for their increased capacity compared to graphite, while attempts are underway to produce cobalt-free cathode materials. Moreover, the recycling of battery materials has arisen as an important topic of study, attempting to develop a sustainable lifecycle for battery components. This abstract captures the present status of research on battery materials, highlighting the necessity for a multidisciplinary approach that covers material science, chemistry, environmental studies, and economics to address the issues of battery manufacture in the 21st century.