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ABSTRACT
Caffeine, a natural alkaloid stimulant chemically classified as a xanthine with the chemical formula C8H10N4O2 is classified as a central nervous system stimulant due to its ability to increase alertness and reduce the perception of fatigue. Oxidative stress is a condition characterized by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ability of the body's antioxidant defense mechanisms to neutralize them. This study was designed to study the effects of caffeine on the oxidative stress markers in the adult male wistar rats by analyzing the oxidative stress markers in the adult male wistar rats. A total of twenty (20) adult male wistar rats weighing between 180g-200g were used for this study. The rats were divided into four (4) experimental groups(A-D) of five(n=5) rats in each group. The rats were acclimatized for two weeks before commencement of the of administration. Group A was control group. Group B, C and D were administered 5mg/kg, 10mg/kg and 20mg/kg body weight of caffeine orally via gavage respectively for twenty-one days. The rats were anaesthetized using chloroform vapour and were terminally bled by cardiac puncture. The blood samples were collected using a plain tube for oxidative stress markers assay. The data was statistically analyzed using the Graph-pad prism version 8.1. Comparison between groups were done using the one-way ANOVA. The result was were presented as mean ±SEM and p-value less than 0.05(p<0.05) was considered statistically significant. The result from 11 the study revealed no significant difference on the test groups administered 5mg/kg, 10mg/kg and 20mg/kg of the total protein concentration when compared to the control group (group A), significant decrease in the glutathione levels of test groups administered 10mg/kg and 20mg/kg, significant increase in the concentration of MDA in group administered 10mg/kg and 20mg/kg and no significant difference in group B when compared to the control group (group A). In conclusion, this study revealed that caffeine at 5mg\kg and 10mg/kg decreases the percentage weight gain in adult male wistar rats while caffeine decreases glutathione level and increases the concentration of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in adult male wistar rats.
